Kayayyaki

X-gal (wanda kuma aka rage BCIG don 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi galactose da ke da alaƙa da indole da aka canza.Jerome Horwitz da masu haɗin gwiwa ne suka haɗa ginin a cikin 1964. Sunan sinadari na yau da kullun ana taqaita shi zuwa ƙasa da daidaito amma kuma ƙananan kalmomi kamar bromochloroindoxyl galactoside.X daga indoxyl na iya zama tushen X a cikin ƙanƙarar X-gal.Ana amfani da X-gal sau da yawa a cikin ilimin halitta don gwada kasancewar wani enzyme, β-galactosidase, a wurin da aka saba da shi, β-galactoside.Hakanan ana amfani dashi don gano ayyukan wannan enzyme a cikin histochemistry da bacteriology.X-gal yana daya daga cikin indoxyl glycosides da esters da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da mahadi masu launin shuɗi masu kama da indigo rini sakamakon enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis.

X-gal analog ne na lactose, sabili da haka ana iya sanya shi ta hanyar β-galactosidase enzyme wanda ke raba haɗin β-glycosidic a cikin D-lactose.X-gal, lokacin da β-galactosidase ya fashe, yana haifar da galactose da 5-bromo- 4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole - 1. Na ƙarshe sannan ya dimeri ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma yana oxidized zuwa 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro -indigo - 2, samfur mai tsananin shuɗi wanda ba ya narkewa.X-gal kanta ba ta da launi, don haka ana iya amfani da kasancewar samfur mai launin shuɗi a matsayin gwaji don kasancewar β-galactosidase mai aiki.Wannan kuma yana ba da izinin β-galactosidase na kwayan cuta (wanda ake kira lacZ) don amfani dashi azaman mai ba da rahoto a aikace-aikace daban-daban.

A cikin nazarin nau'i-nau'i biyu, β-galactosidase za a iya amfani dashi azaman mai ba da rahoto don gano sunadaran da ke hulɗa da juna.A cikin wannan hanyar, ana iya bincika ɗakunan karatu na genome don hulɗar furotin ta amfani da yisti ko tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta.Inda aka sami nasarar hulɗa tsakanin sunadaran da ake tantance su, zai haifar da ɗaure yankin kunnawa ga mai talla.Idan mai gabatarwa yana da alaƙa da kwayar lacZ, samar da β-galactosidase, wanda ke haifar da samuwar yankuna masu launin shuɗi a gaban X-gal, don haka zai nuna kyakkyawar hulɗar tsakanin sunadarai.Wannan dabarar na iya iyakancewa ga ɗakunan karatu waɗanda girmansu bai kai kusan 106 ba. Nasarar ɓarkewar X-gal shima yana haifar da wari mai banƙyama saboda rikiɗewar indole.

Kamar yadda X-gal kanta ba ta da launi, ana iya amfani da kasancewar samfurin mai launin shuɗi azaman gwaji don kasancewar β-galactosidase mai aiki.

Wannan sauƙin ganewar enzyme mai aiki yana ba da damar gene don βgalactosidase (jinin lacZ) a yi amfani da shi azaman jigilar rahoto a aikace-aikace daban-daban.